Skinpress Rss

Wednesday, August 27, 2025

Samudrayaan Project, India's Deep Sea Ocean Mission

0

Samudrayaan is India's first human-crewed deep-sea mission under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. It aims to explore ocean depths up to 6,000 metres using a crewed submersible called MATSYA 6000. Developed by NIOT, the project will study marine biodiversity and deep-sea minerals, supporting the development of the blue economy. India has the right to explore 75,000 sq. km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin for valuable metals like cobalt and nickel, making Samudrayaan a key step in sustainable ocean resource development.


India's Samudrayaan Project is the country's first human-crewed deep ocean mission. It is part of the Deep Ocean Mission launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). The goal is to explore the deep sea and unlock its hidden resources. 


Scientists plan to send three people in a special submersible called MATSYA 6000 to a depth of 6,000 metres. This vehicle is being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) in Chennai.


The mission will study minerals, metals, and marine biodiversity. It will also help India tap into the blue economy, which encompasses ocean-based industries such as fishing, mining, and tourism. India has been allocated a 75,000 sq. km area in the Central Indian Ocean Basin for the exploration of polymetallic nodules. 


These contain valuable metals like copper, cobalt, and nickel. Samudrayaan will help India become a global leader in ocean research and sustainable resource use.


The Samudrayaan Project is India's first-ever human-crewed deep-sea mission. The primary objective is to deploy three individuals in a specialised submersible vehicle, the MATSYA 6000, to a depth of 6,000 metres (approximately 3.7 miles) in the ocean. This is part of a bigger initiative known as the Deep Ocean Mission.


The MATSYA 6000 is a sphere-shaped vessel that can protect its occupants from the immense pressure found at great depths underwater. It's built to operate for 12 hours under normal conditions and up to 96 hours in an emergency.


The mission's purpose is not just to prove India's technological capability. Scientists will use the submersible to study the ocean's depths, including marine life and valuable non-living resources, such as minerals (for example, polymetallic manganese nodules), which could be necessary for the country's economy.


Source: www.jagranjosh.com


Monday, July 15, 2024

Book Review - Beyond Happiness: The 6 Secrets of Lifetime Satisfaction

0

 Are you happy? Nearly half of adults worldwide—40 percent—would say “no”. Even when we possess it, happiness can be a fleeting emotion. It's natural that we should desire something longer lasting.


In Beyond Happiness: The 6 Secrets of Lifetime Satisfaction, psychologist Dr. Jennifer Guttman guides listeners in living a deeply fulfilling life by aiming for a kind of contentment that is more sustainable than happiness.


Having endured a number of life-altering challenges, Dr. Guttman knows firsthand how transient happiness can be. She spent nine years battling medical professionals to receive care for her son, whose long undiagnosed ailment eventually led to extensive heart surgery. Next, she faced life-threatening health issues of her own and, soon after, her father's death. Unexpectedly, she came out stronger and more content. But how, exactly?


Dr. Guttman analyzed the steps she took to persist in the face of adversity and to remain optimistic despite the obstacles she had to overcome. She subsequently shared these actionable techniques with clients suffering from depression, anxiety, feelings of unlovability, and feelings of existential despair. The tools that had helped her helped them.


In Beyond Happiness, Dr. Guttman empowers listeners to achieve lifetime satisfaction by employing six techniques that can be practiced and even mastered in the comfort of your own home:


Avoiding assumptions

Reducing people-pleasing behaviors

Facing fears

Making decisions

Closing out tasks

Active self-reinforcement

When coalesced, Dr. Guttman's techniques will buttress feelings of inherent lovability, defiant resilience, patience, authenticity, and self-confidence. She provides clear-cut strategies and tangible steps that can be easily incorporated into everyday life.


Engaging and enlightening, Beyond Happiness: The 6 Secrets of Lifetime Satisfaction offers a user-friendly, practical approach not only to surviving life's pitfalls but to thriving with a durable, balanced, sustainable level of contentment.


Source: downpour


Friday, March 1, 2024

Indian Space Missions 2024: Full list of significant space missions by ISRO

0

 Space Missions of India in 2024: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the Indian government’s space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru, and is responsible for managing India’s space programs. Established in 1969, operating under the Department of Space (DoS) and directly reporting to the Prime Minister of India, ISRO aims to harness space technology for national development. 


Over the years, ISRO has been at the forefront of space exploration, continuously expanding its capabilities and accomplishments. It has conducted numerous space missions, including satellite launches, lunar and interplanetary missions, and the development of launch vehicles for communication, television broadcasting, meteorological services, resource monitoring, and more. 


A list of significant accomplished Space Missions of India (till 2024):

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been at the forefront of space exploration and satellite technology since its inception in 1969. It has conducted a total of 124 spacecraft missions, including 17 satellites developed by private players or students and 432 foreign satellites launched.


Additionally, ISRO has also completed 96 launch missions, six re-entry missions, and projects like POEMS. The organisation is also preparing for the Gaganyaan mission, India’s first manned spaceflight, highlighting its advancements in space technology and exploration.


Here is a comprehensive list of ISRO’s space missions up to 2024.


Source: indianexpress

Thursday, August 17, 2023

Google’s new AI Gemini to counter the ChatGPT

0

 OpenAI’s large language models so far have been leading the AI race, thanks to their early launch and Microsoft’s vast data centre infrastructure to back them up. But the ChatGPT dominance may not last forever, as new and powerful AI models are emerging every month. And one of them has a far stronger chance of becoming a real challenger: Google.



According to a report by The Information, Google’s next-generation artificial intelligence models under the new Gemini project will launch as early as this fall. The company for Gemini to power its existing AI chatbot Bard and enterprise apps such as Google Docs and Slides.


What makes Gemini a formidable competitor is the amount of resources Google has at its disposal, especially data that can be used to train these AI models. Google has access to YouTube videos, Google books, a huge search index, and scholarly material from Google Scholar. Much of this data is exclusive to Google, and that could give it an edge in creating smarter models than others. Gemini is also said to be the first multi-modal model that can handle video as well as text and images, unlike GPT-4.


Google also has a deep pool of talent and years of experience in building and training large language models. It is expected to announce the new models next fall, and possibly introduce a new Gemini-powered chatbot or upgrade its existing Bard chatbot. This could have a big impact on Google’s Cloud, which would likely be the main way for corporate customers to access Gemini.


Gemini was first teased at Google’s developer conference last month, where Google showcased several AI projects. Gemini uses new training techniques from Alphago, an AI system that was the first to beat a professional human player at the complex board game Go, according to a report from June. This could enable Gemini to plan and solve problems.


It’s a team effort

In April, Google merged Google Brain, its own deep learning artificial intelligence research unit, with subsidiary company DeepMind to create a single unit – Google DeepMind. The surprise move by Pichai was meant to boost efficiency, combining Google’s enormous computational resources and DeepMind’s research skills.


Before that, both entities had their own responses to ChatGPT. DeepMind had Project Goodall and Google had Bard based on Google Brain models. Despite some rivalry between the teams, DeepMind dropped Goodall to collaborate on Gemini.


Source: indianexpress

Saturday, July 15, 2023

Chandrayaan 3 - India’s Moon Mission

0

 India's highly anticipated moon mission, Chandrayaan 3, is launched today on July 14, 2023, marking another significant milestone in the country's space exploration endeavors. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Chandrayaan 3 mission today from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, at 2.35 PM IST. Building on the successes of previous missions, Chandrayaan 3 represents India's relentless pursuit of scientific discovery, technological advancements, and global recognition in the field of space exploration. Let's delve into the story behind this ambitious moon mission.



On Saturday, July 15, 2023, ISRO scientists successfully executed the inaugural terrestrial maneuver to raise the altitude of Chandrayaan-3, propelling it further away from Earth as it travels approximately 3.8 lakh kilometers towards the Moon. The planned operation, aimed at increasing the spacecraft's apogee (the farthest distance from Earth), commenced at approximately 12:05 pm and lasted for eleven and a half minutes, as confirmed by several scientists to STOI.


Info: jagranjosh

Tuesday, March 21, 2023

West Bengal to introduce 4-year UG courses, higher education dept directs state varsities

0

 The West Bengal higher education department has directed state-run universities to start taking “appropriate steps” to introduce four-year undergraduate courses from the forthcoming academic year in tandem with the recommendations of the University Grants Commission (UGC).


The instructions were a part of a letter sent by the department to all state-run universities on Friday. The government had also attached a letter from UGC secretary Rajnish Jain which highlighted the reasons behind introducing the new framework.



In the letter, UGC Secretary Rajnish Jain stated that the new curriculum and framework for undergraduate courses would ensure a “holistic education” for students by allowing them to “experience courses in multiple disciplines with multiple entry and exit options, flexible degree options with single major, double major, multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary education, integration with vocational courses, internship, skill and ability enhancement courses.”

State-aided colleges and universities in West Bengal currently offer three-year undergraduate courses.


According to sources, in its letter, the UGC has also directed education departments to develop a new curriculum for the four-year courses. “If the new rules in higher education are not followed, it may be a problem for colleges and universities to get UGC grants,” said a senior education department official.


However, the new curriculum has met with criticism from West Bengal College and University Teachers’ Association (WBCUTA) and student bodies.

“Not getting a UGC grant is not the only reason why a grant may be discontinued, there are many others. The state government is trying to implement the new education policy of the BJP-RSS,” said Keshav Bhattacharya, a WBCUTA member.



indianexpress

Tuesday, May 31, 2022

Singer KK(Krishnakumar Kunnath) dies at 53, hours after concert in Kolkata

0

 Singer KK(Krishnakumar Kunnath), who gave Indian music lovers many hits over the last three decades has died at 53. He gave a performance at Nazrul Mancha on Tuesday and later went to his hotel where he fell ill. He was brought to a hospital where he was declared dead.



Minister Arup Biswas said about KK's death, “Singer Anupam Roy called me up and said he is hearing something bad from the hospital. Then I contacted the hospital. They said he was brought dead. Then I rushed to the hospital.”


KK released his first album, Pal in 1999. The singer-composer, whose real name was Krishnakumar Kunnath then focussed more on Bollywood than on his independent music, giving hits such as Tadap Tadap (Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, 1999), Dus Bahane (Dus, 2005), and Tune Maari Entriyaan (Gunday, 2014). 


He was born in Delhi and was also known for his electric live shows. His Instagram page had been sharing updates from his concert in Kolkata as recently as eight hours ago.


Sunday, February 6, 2022

Lata Mangeshkar, India’s Nightingale(Swar Kokila), dies at 92

0

Legendary singer Lata Mangeshkar passed away in Mumbai on Sunday at the age of 92 due to multi-organ failure. The versatile singer, christened the Nightingale of India, had lent her voice to thousands of songs in 36 languages in a career spanning almost eight decades. Leading personalities from all walks of life paid rich tributes to Mangeshkar.




The singer was laid to rest on Sunday evening with full state honours at Mumbai’s Shivaji Park. Prime Minister Narendra Modi also visited Mumbai to pay his last respects to India’s ‘swar kokila’. As a mark of respect to the Bharat Ratna awardee, a two-day national mourning has been announced. The National Flag will fly at half-mast for two days and there will be no official entertainment.


Breach Candy hospital medical director said that Lata Mangeshkar passed away at 8:12 am on Sunday. “She came here as a Covid patient and age was against her. We tried our level best to save the legend. But she had complications,” he said. Mangeshkar had been diagnosed with Covid-19 and pneumonia. Speaking to Indian Express, Dr Samdhani said that they were very cautious since the beginning and she died because of multi-organ failure that was setting in last few days.


Born on September 28, 1929, in Madhya Pradesh, Lata Mangeshkar had music in her genes. Her father Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar was a Marathi musician and a theatre actor. During her lifetime, Mangeshkar worked with music greats from various generations as she delivered iconic numbers that remain relevant to this day. Known for her versatility, Mangeshkar dabbled in other film industries as well.


After Lata Mangeshkar moved to Mumbai, she was mentored by Master Vinayak, a filmmaker of the 1930s and Ghulam Haider. She went on to nurture a special relationship with composer Madan Mohan, with whom she delivered some of her most memorable songs. “I shared a special relationship with Madan Mohan, which was much more than what a singer and a music composer share. This was a relationship of a brother and a sister,” she said later, calling ‘Woh chup rahe’ from Jahan Ara as their favourite collaboration.


She had a similar relationship with Yash Chopra, and their collaboration yielded such hits as Dhool Ka Phool, Kabhi Kabhie, Silsila and Dil Toh Pagal Hai. She also worked with Chopra’s son, Aditya, on Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jaayenge. Perhaps, Dilip Kumar, whom she addresses as her older brother, said it best when he remarked, “None have been able to equal Lata’s refinement. It is very difficult for anyone to compete with her because she has invested so heavily in every person who cares for music – there’s such a lot of Lata Mangeshkar in everyone.”


Mangeshkar was conferred with three National Awards, and was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1989. In 2001, she was awarded the Bharat Ratna for her contribution to the arts, thereby becoming the second vocalist to receive this honour apart from late Carnatic music giant M S Subbulakshmi. She was also honoured with the Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan.


Apart from lending her voice to several popular tracks, Lata Mangeshkar has also been credited as a music director. She composed music for Mohityanchi Manjula (1963), Maratha Tituka Melvava (1964), Sadhi Manase (1965) and Tambadi Mati (1969).


Mangeshkar has also produced a handful of films such as Vaadal, Jhaanjhar, Kanchan Ganga and Lekin.


Lata Mangeshkar is survived by her four younger siblings — Asha Bhosle, Usha Mangeshkar, Meena Khadikar and Hridaynath Mangeshkar.


Monday, September 13, 2021

Book Review: The Seven Husbands Of Evelyn Hugo By Taylor Jenkins Reid

0

 An aging starlet with seven marriages behind her generously offers the rights to her memoir to an inexperienced writer—at a heartbreaking cost.





Monique Grant is stunned when Hollywood legend Evelyn Hugo grants an exclusive interview to her over more seasoned journalists, but when she’s also chosen to publish Evelyn’s final confessions after her death, she learns that the 79-year-old actress has enough life experience for them both. Growing up poor in Hell’s Kitchen, young Evelyn Herrera trades her virginity for a ride to Hollywood, changes her name, and climbs the rungs of the entertainment-industry ladder one husband at a time until she hits Oscar gold. To write her off as being calculating and fickle would leave out the difficulty of being a woman, especially a woman of color, trying to get by in the late 1950s without a man’s blessing. 




Evelyn plays up her bombshell figure and hides her Cuban roots by dying her hair blonde—the first of many lies she’ll have to tell over the course of her life to prove to the world that she deserves her place in the spotlight. She’s unapologetically ambitious but not without remorse. Which of her seven husbands was her true love? Why did she choose Monique to tell her story? Evelyn recounts her failures and triumphs in chronological order, one husband at a time, with a few breaks for Monique to report back to her editor. 


The celebrity tell-all style is a departure from Reid’s (One True Loves, 2016, etc.) previous books, but Evelyn Hugo is a character who can demand top billing. When asked if it bothers her that “all anyone talks about when they talk about you are the seven husbands of Evelyn Hugo,” she says no: “Because they are just husbands. I am Evelyn Hugo.”


Reid's heroine reveals her darkest secrets as if she were wiping off makeup at the end of the night—a celebration of human frailty that speaks to the Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor in us all.



Source: Kirkus Reviews

Friday, August 20, 2021

In ‘The Midnight Library,’ Books Offer Transport to Different Lives

0

 Book Review: The Midnight Library




Few fantasies are more enduring than the idea that there might be a second chance at a life already lived, some sort of magical reset in which mistakes can be erased, regrets addressed, choices altered. This deep desire for a different life, or for more lives than just the one, is at the heart of any number of stories — movies like “Groundhog Day,” “Sliding Doors” and “It’s a Wonderful Life”; television shows like “Sliders” and “Quantum Leap”; wonderful novels like Kate Atkinson’s “Life After Life,” Andrew Sean Greer’s “The Impossible Lives of Greta Wells,” Jo Walton’s “My Real Children” and many others. Into this ever-popular genre, Matt Haig’s “The Midnight Library” is a welcome addition.


Haig’s central character is 35-year-old Nora Seed. Nora is a woman with many gifts and few accomplishments. She’s estranged from her only living relative, an older brother, and also distant from her only close friend both emotionally and geographically. She had “always had the sense that she came from a long line of regrets and crushed hopes that seemed to echo in every generation.” In short order, in a life already littered with remorse, she loses both her job and her beloved cat, Voltaire. “As she stared at Voltaire’s still and peaceful expression — that total absence of pain — there was an inescapable feeling brewing in the darkness. Envy.”


In Haig’s book, the mechanism through which transmigration takes place is the Midnight Library of the title. This structure occupies a magical space between life and death. Its facade replicates an ordinary library, shelves with books, but on an infinite scale.


The librarian is very wise, as librarians tend to be. She explains to Nora that every book on the shelves is a doorway into a different life. Only one book is an exception to this, “The Book of Regrets,” a volume so heavy and toxic it’s dangerous for Nora to read more than a few lines.


By the time Nora arrives at the Midnight Library, the reader has already learned what her chief regrets are. Each of these now functions in the plot as a kind of promissory note; we expect to experience the lives in which these particular regrets are addressed and, in this, we are not disappointed. But the repercussions of eliminating each regret often surprise Nora. Choices are not the same as outcomes, the librarian warns her.


The librarian encourages Nora to sample a variety of texts, promising that as soon as Nora feels dissatisfied with a new life, she’ll find herself back in the library, ready to have another go. This may happen after only a few moments or months might pass. All this while, time in the library is at a standstill. An infinite number of other lives beckon.


Nora is initially reluctant — life is just what she didn’t want more of — but the librarian is firm. Why else would you be here? she asks. So Nora opens her first book.


By the end, she’ll have opened a great many more. Haig describes some of Nora’s provisional lives in detail. Others last only as long as a sentence: “In one life she only ate toast.” Suspense comes from the fact that Nora is dropped in midstream, with no preparation. She always remembers her original life — her root life — so she always has that point of comparison. But she knows nothing of the life she’s just entered. Often she must look for herself online, read her social media accounts, in order to know who she is. More than once she finds herself performing before large crowds, speaking on a subject in which she has no background or expected to sing a song some other Nora recorded, but this one has never heard before. More than once, she’s in a sexual relationship with a man she doesn’t know or mother to children she’s never met.


A small cast of characters reappears in many of Nora’s lives. Her brother, her parents, her best friend are almost always present. She sometimes crosses paths with a man she came close to marrying. As she plays through her own myriad possibilities, the impact of her choices on each of these characters is also profound; their lives are as altered by Nora’s decisions as her own. Even peripheral characters from her root life are transformed.


As in the movie “It’s a Wonderful Life” Nora appears to be the X factor in all these changes. The supporting cast is also making different choices, but these are largely posited as responses to Nora’s own altered actions. Only Nora’s choices feel determinative.


The issue of the many Noras temporarily displaced from their own root lives is somewhat troubling. Where do they go in the interim? If/when Nora finds the life in which she will stay, what will become of the Nora whose life that actually is? Answers are hinted at, but the issue is not directly addressed. The conundrum at the heart of the book is the implication that our Nora is the real Nora and the other lives all variations on that first life, the root life, rather than equally valuable universes filled with equally valuable people. In the infinity of the multiverse, surely there are other Noras also trying on our Nora’s life from time to time, displacing her as they do so. The universe is full of infinite possibility, but the story here remains tightly focused on the internal life of a single woman and all her might-have-beens.


It can be hard to keep a reader’s energy invested in a depressed and somewhat listless character, but Nora is smart and observant; she remains good company. She’s studied philosophy and has a particular affection for the American Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau. The book is all the richer, as any book would be, for the inclusion of several of his quotes: “Go confidently in the direction of your dreams” and “I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.”


There is likewise a danger that such a recursive plotline will tire the reader. But here, too, the book succeeds. At just the right moment, not too soon and not too late, Nora makes her final decisive move, taking us into the last section of the book. The ending is satisfying but not surprising. By the time it comes, in fact, only one choice still seems possible.


The narrative throughout has a slightly old-fashioned feel, like a bedtime story. It’s an absorbing but comfortable read, imaginative in the details if familiar in its outline. The invention of the library as the machinery through which different lives can be accessed is sure to please readers and has the advantage of being both magical and factual. Every library is a liminal space; the Midnight Library is different in scale, but not kind. And a vision of limitless possibility, of new roads taken, of new lives lived, of a whole different world available to us somehow, somewhere, might be exactly what’s wanted in these troubled and troubling times.


Source: New York Times 




Friday, July 9, 2021

Book Review: To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee

0

 The Winner of the Pulitzer Prize, 1961



The unforgettable novel of a childhood in a sleepy Southern town and the crisis of conscience that rocked it, To Kill A Mockingbird became both an instant bestseller and a critical success when it was first published in 1960. It went on to win the Pulitzer Prize in 1961 and was later made into an Academy Award-winning film, also a classic.


Compassionate, dramatic, and deeply moving, To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes readers to the roots of human behavior – to innocence and experience, kindness and cruelty, love and hatred, humor and pathos.


Now with over 18 million copies in print and translated into forty languages, this regional story by a young Alabama woman claims universal appeal. Harper Lee always considered her book to be a simple love story. Today it is regarded as a masterpiece of American literature.


With endless books and infinitely more to be written in the future, it is rare occasion that I take the time to reread a novel. And this time it’s To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, a timeless classic. The first time I read this I was much, much younger and I remember loving it then. Over fifteen years later, it still held so much for me – wonderful language and characters that I never forgot about and relevancy even so many years later. Harper Lee is one of the best female authors.


The story in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is told from the point of view of Scout (Jean-Louise Finch), a six year old girl, through various events that happen in the town of Maycomb and in particular, the court case of Tom Robinson as her father Atticus Finch acts as Tom’s defence lawyer. Tom, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, has to endure multiple racial attacks. Atticus, widely described as the “most enduring fictional image of racial heroism”, describes the events to Scout so that she sees that all people should be treated equally.


The narrator of this story is young tomboy Jean Louise (Scout), and her observations of Maycomb and people’s behavior are simple, honest, and visually very rich. I had no problem picturing Scout, Jem and Dill’s childish efforts to draw Boo Radley out of his house, or Calpurnia taking the kids to a colored church.


But when, after 128 pages, the court case begins and the plot really becomes intriguing, you immediately feel a rise in tension and excitement. Here Jem and Atticus become the main characters instead of Scout because they are more aware of the risks and importance of the case, although Scout’s moment with the mob was heartwrenchingly beautiful in it’s innocence.


The last part of the book was less tense but never dull: it was important to show the aftermath and the effects of the case on different class – and races – of people to convey the impact of Atticus’ actions. Because back in 1935 and even now, in our current political situation, standing up for what’s right while the majority is against you, is an incredible brave and difficult thing to do.


One thing especially about this story that stood out to me, are the interesting gender roles in this book. We have Atticus who isn’t only presented as an amazing father but also as a great male character, because he’s patient, courteous, clever…but not traditionally masculine. In contrast with Bob Ewell, the main antagonist, Atticus isn’t physically strong, doesn’t use strong language, and hates violence (example: he keeps his shooting skills a secret from his children).


His sister, aunt Alexandra, is a very traditional female figure who wants Scout to behave more ‘lady like’, and because Scout doesn’t like her (at first), we as readers dislike her too. Acting as her opposites are Calpurnia and Miss Maudie, who neither show traditional feminine characteristics like politeness and charm, but both are presented as good and right.


To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a well-loved book for many good reasons, but I was very surprised by its diverse male and female characters, who make this story even richer than it already is.



Source: business insider

Thursday, June 24, 2021

Strawberry Moon lights up night sky in Visakhapatnam

0

 Residents in Vizag enjoyed the Strawberry Moon, also the supermoon of the year. The Strawberry Moon is one of the most colorful moons of the year because of its low, shallow path across the sky. Many people in Visakhapatnam throng the sea beach to enjoy the Strawberry Moon.



They could watch the strawberry moon on a clear night on June 5, 2020. The full moon night in June is generally called strawberry moon in many parts of the world as during some ancient civilisations, this was the perfect time to pick strawberries. This strawberry moon was doubly special as it coincided with the penumbral eclipse of the moon.



Saturday, May 22, 2021

G7 ministers agree new steps against fossil fuels to fight against Climate Change

0

 The world's major nations have taken further significant steps to help limit climate change.

G7 environment ministers have agreed that they will deliver climate targets in line with limiting the rise in global temperatures to 1.5C.

That's far more ambitious than the previous 2C maximum.

Ministers also agreed to stop direct funding of coal-fired power stations in poorer nations by the end of 2021.

There's wriggle room in the statement, but the decision will send a clear message to development banks that still fund coal power in poor countries.

There's also an important commitment to safeguarding 30% of land for nature by 2030 to boost wildlife and help soak up carbon emissions.

Environment ministers from the UK, the US, Canada, Japan, France, Italy and Germany took part in the virtual G7 meeting, which is one of a series leading to the leaders' gathering in Cornwall in June.

The online meeting was led by the UK, and a government source told BBC News: "We're pretty encouraged by the outcomes."

The decisions that have been taken are an important stepping-stone on the road towards the vital global climate summit in Glasgow in November called COP26.

The move to keep their policies in line with 1.5C implies much faster action to cut emissions by 2030, rather than by mid-century.

Nick Mabey from the climate think tank E3G told BBC News: "This is looking good.

"It puts the burden on any fossil fuel development now to prove that it's 1.5C compatible."

The ministers are said to have been heavily influenced by a recent report from the rich nations' energy think tank, the IEA.

The study said that if the world wanted to reach net-zero emissions by the middle of the century, then there could be no new coal, oil or gas development from now on.

The G7 ministers agreed much more cash was needed to help fast-growing economies such as India and Indonesia to get clean technology. This decision will be pushed forward at the G7 Finance ministers' meeting on 4 June.

The communique issued by the ministers at the end of the meeting said: "We will phase out new direct government support for carbon-intensive international fossil fuel energy." This is expected to mean coal and oil.

But there's no date for enactment of the policy, with Japan arguing against strong strictures against coal. The UK hopes Japan will bend further on this by the Glasgow conference in November.

Another statement in communique said: "We commit to take concrete steps towards an absolute end to new direct government support for unabated international thermal coal power generation by end of 2021."

The UK Environment Secretary George Eustice told a news conference that the G7 would work towards ending unregulated fishing - and strive to improve marine biodiversity in international waters.

The US special climate envoy John Kerry said the meeting showed a unique sense of urgency - and unity. He said the G7 had understood the need to make sure some groups of people aren't left behind by the coming low-carbon revolution.

The ministers agreed that the world should move towards zero emission vehicles. The G7 were joined by India, Australia, South Africa and South Korea who have guest status at the meeting.

The elephant not in the room was China. The UK's tactic is not to blame the world's biggest carbon emitter, but to lay down a challenge.


Written by  Roger Harrabin, BBC environment analyst


Sunday, April 18, 2021

Gene sequencing bacteria in natural environment sheds new light on antimicrobial resistance

0

 A team of researchers from multiple institutions in the U.K. and the U.S. has learned more about the development of antimicrobial resistance by studying hundreds of samples of bacteria in their natural environments. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes how they conducted genome sequencing on hundreds of bacterial samples collected from a wide variety of natural environments and what they learned by doing so.

Over the past decade, medical scientists have grown concerned as more of the kinds of bacteria responsible for infections grow immune to antimicrobial agents meant to kill them. Such antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become more of a threat in recent times as resistance continues to grow. In this new effort, the researchers have looked at a type of bacteria that are behind intestinal infections. These Enterobacteriaceae include familiar bacteria such as E. coli.

The researchers began their effort by noting that most efforts aimed at better understanding resistance in bacteria have centered around closed environments, such as specimens collected from patients in hospitals. They wondered if more might be learned by taking a look at such bacteria in more natural environments, such as in the soil, in ponds or even in wastewater in treatment plants. To learn more, they collected 2,292 samples from 19 different sites. The samples were then separated allowing the researchers to conduct genome sequencing on 827 kinds of bacteria (553 of which were E. coli).

In looking at their data, the researchers found that some species of bacteria, such as E. coli, that lived in the same environment (such as a pond) shared more genes than had been expected. Notably, they are of a type where genes can move between individual bacterium via horizontal gene transfer. Such sharing was much less likely, they also noted, in more isolated environments. The researchers also found more AMR genes inside of plasmids than in chromosomes. They suggest their findings indicate that Enterobacteriaceae demonstrate both dynamic and plastic AMR gene dissemination and that it is important for researchers involved in AMR efforts to consider natural environments.

The researchers plan to continue their work—they next aim to investigate overlap in environments, including those that involve humans directly.

Sunday, March 14, 2021

Scientists Want to Send 6.7 Millions of Sperm and Egg Samples to Moon for Lunar Gene Bank

0

 Earth’s increasingly precarious state of things has always worried scientists. And ever since space exploration began, colonizing other bodies in the solar system has been the underlying vision for humans to find permanent settlements in space. The science community’s perpetual fixation on building habitats on other planets of our solar system and our natural satellite, the Moon, have been in the works for a long time. While the moon among other space bodies may not be an ideal place for a permanent residence, it could serve as a storage unit for our invaluable resources.


According to a New York Post report, scientists have proposed to establish a lunar gene bank that could house a repository of reproductive cells, sperm and egg samples from 6.7 million of Earth’s species, including humans. The proposed bank or ‘ark’ to be built on the moon is seen as a ‘modern global insurance policy.’


At a recent aerospace conference, Mechanical and aerospace engineer Jekan Thanga, whose team at the University of Arizona submitted their report, proposed setting up a lunar gene bank by shipping millions of sperm and egg samples for safekeeping. Thanga, speaking at the annual Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Aerospace Conference on Saturday, said that as the planet’s growing instability, an ‘Earth-based repository’ would leave the collected specimen vulnerable. He wants to jumpstart a cross planetary of sorts by starting a human seed vault on the moon at the earliest.


According to his presentation, the so-called ‘ark would cryogenically preserve various species in the event of a global disaster. “We can still save them until the tech advances to then reintroduce these species — in other words, save them for another day,” he said.


The study he co-authored with five other scientists would store the reproductive cells in recently discovered lunar ‘pits’ from which scientists believe lava once flowed billions of years ago. And they think these pits also are the perfect size for cell storage, as they go down 80 to 100 meters underground and ‘provide readymade shelter from the surface of the moon,’ which endures ‘major temperature swings,’ as well as threats from meteorites and space radiation.


In his presentation, he also said that many plants and animals were ‘seriously endangered’ and cited the eruption of Indonesia’s Mount Toba 75,000 years ago, which caused a 1,000-year cooling period. He connected the same to present-day parallel to ‘human activity and other factors that we fully don’t understand.’


However, Thanga’s concept of creating gene banks is not new, it is already being employed at the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the island of Spitsbergen in the Arctic Sea that houses plant seeds among others at the facility. The unique seed vault currently houses close to 992,000 samples – each containing an average of 500 seeds.


Monday, March 1, 2021

INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE TRADE IS CAUSING OVER 60 PERCENT SPECIES ON EARTH TO GO EXTINCT

0

 International wildlife trade is causing declines of over 60 percent in the abundance of species on the planet, say scientists who call for more research on the impacts of this severe threat across the world. The scientists, including those from the University of Sheffield in the UK, found that wildlife trade is causing declines of around 62 percent in the abundance of species, with endangered species suffering losses of over 80 percent. Although there are policies managing trade, the study, published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, warned that without enough research on the effects of wildlife trade these policies cannot claim to safeguard species.


According to the researchers, at least 100 million plants and animals are internationally trafficked each year and the international wildlife trade is said to be worth between USD 4-20 billion per year. Citing some examples, they said wildlife trade continues to impact the decline of African elephants due to the ivory trade and the demise of pangolin species across Africa and Asia.


The research called for better protective measures for threatened species and management of trade with trade still driving declines of 56 percent in protected areas.


"Thousands of species are traded for pets, traditional medicines, and luxury foods, but how this impacts species' abundances in the wild was unknown," said David Edwards, Professor of Conservation Science at the University of Sheffield.


While the declines in abundance are worse for species being traded as pets, the scientists said these are also caused by trade for bushmeat.


"Our research draws together high-quality field studies to reveal a shocking reduction in most traded species, driving many locally extinct," said Edwards, one of the corresponding authors of the study.


The scientists believe trapping drives particularly severe declines in species at high risk of extinction and those traded for pets.


"Such high levels of offtake suggests trade is often unsustainable, yet a lot of trade is conducted legally. As a society, we urgently need to reflect upon our desire for exotic pets and the efficacy of legal frameworks designed to prevent species declines," Edwards said.


According to the scientists, an understanding of how wildlife trade is impacting species is severely lacking in developed nations, and for many commonly traded wildlife groups, despite it being one of their biggest drivers of species extinction.


"Where extraction for wildlife trade occurs we found large declines in species abundances. This highlights the key role global wildlife trade plays in species extinction risk," said Oscar Morton, lead author of the research from the University of Sheffield.


Without effective management, Morton believes such trade will continue to threaten wildlife.


"For such a severe threat to global wildlife, we uncovered concerningly limited data on the impacts of wildlife trade in Asia, North America and Europe, as well as a lack of data for many amphibians, invertebrates, cacti and orchids, despite these groups often being traded," he added.

Saturday, February 13, 2021

ISRO, MapmyIndia team up to take on Google Maps/Earth

0

 In a bid to take on Google Maps, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and digital mapping and location-based deep-tech company MapmyIndia on Friday announced a new initiative to offer a fully indigenous, mapping portal and geospatial services.The services will be combining the power of MapmyIndia's digital maps and technologies with ISRO's catalogue of satellite imagery and earth observation data.




Through the combined partnership with ISRO, MapmyIndia's end-user maps, apps, and services would be a much better, more detailed, and comprehensive, as well as privacy-centric, hyper-local, and indigenous mapping solution for Indians, compared to foreign map apps and solutions, the company said.

"This partnership with ISRO heralds a new dawn of Aatmanirbhar Bharat in the strategic area of maps and geospatial technologies," Rohan Verma, CEO & Executive Director, MapmyIndia, said in a statement.

"You don't need Google Maps/Earth any longer", Verma said in the headline in an article on LinkedIn.

Users will also benefit hugely from the various map-based analytics and insights about weather, pollution, agricultural output, land-use changes, flood and landslide disasters, among others, the company said.

MapmyIndia said its maps and APIs (application programming interfaces) will enrich ISRO's geoportals.

It will empower Indian scientists, academia, researchers, and government organisations with the best of India's satellite imagery, earth observation data, and digital map data, and advanced geospatial technologies, all combined together in a fully indigenous ISRO-MapmyIndia platform, the company added.



indiatvnews

Tuesday, January 5, 2021

These teenpreneurs are making wildlife conservation cost effective

0

Climate change has caused the extinction rate of species to increase 1,000x as compared to the natural extinction rate. Due to this, the migration patterns of a lot of avian and marine species have been affected, which means they are more susceptible to predation and their reproduction is also affected. As a result, their numbers start to dwindle, and they move into the endangered category before becoming extinct.


In an attempt to help solve this problem, teenagers Akarsh Shroff and Rakshak Gowda came up with a Femto-satellites based wildlife monitoring system, to help conservationists and research organisations collect data about the migration patterns of species via biotagging. “Though there are existing systems like ICARUS and ARGOS, the problem is they cannot track various smaller avian species and some deep sea marine species since these have an extended handshaking period [time it takes to exchange signals between the transmitter (biotag) and receiver (satellite)] and the size of the biotag is large,” says Gowda. 



They started work on the system in 2019 and set up a company, Grey Night, in July 2020. The duo is building a network of 17 Femto-satellites (miniaturised satellites that weigh less than 100 grams) to be launched in a low Earth orbit (satellites with orbital altitude under 1,000 km). Shroff explains, “With our patent pending technology, we will be able to reduce tracking costs, decrease the transmission energy, have lower handshaking periods and will be able to track deep-sea marine species as well, since our biotags will be smaller.


”Through Grey Night, Shroff and Gowda are planning to cater to wildlife conservation organisations that need migration data of species. “Currently, they [organisations] are charged anywhere between $7,000 and $9,000 but using our technology—where our capital expenditure will be reduced—we will be able to provide our tracking services at a 20 percent reduced cost,” says Shroff, 20. About $800 million is spent on tracking over 1,000 species annually, and this is projected to grow to about $3.8 billion in the next five years.


The duo is hoping to capture 15 percent of this market segment in the next five years.They have already received an undisclosed amount of seed funding from a reputed incubator. “We have received one provisional patent, and are in the process of filing five additional patents for the design of our satellites, motherboard and the design of the biotag itself,” says Gowda, 20, who looks after the technical aspects, while Shroff takes care of business. Shroff adds, “We have also made an agreement with the European Space Agency through which they will be covering the launch costs for our first satellite.”The prototype was scheduled to be launched in 18 to 24 months, but the coronavirus pandemic has disrupted their timelines. But Shroff and Gowda are hopeful to have the system fully operational in the next three to three-and-a-half years. Going forward, they are planning to incorporate Grey Night as a US-based company, since they believe space technology and conservation have a lot more scope in the US. “We are also looking at getting into an international space tech accelerator,” says a hopeful Shroff.


This story appears in the 18 December, 2020 issue of Forbes India.

Thursday, November 12, 2020

FROM CELL PHONES TO SPACECRAFT – TOUCHSCREENS ARE TAKING OVER UI

0

 As SpaceX prepares to launch NASA’s Crew-1 mission to the International Space Station, the Crew Dragon spacecraft has already distinguished itself from prior generations of space capsules. 

Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley set off from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on May 30, 2020, and reached the ISS with no complications while testing out new features designed by the SpaceX team. Onboard were groundbreaking new tools such as the spacecraft’s dashboard. Normally when you see a picture of a cockpit, levers, dials, and gauges fill all the surfaces. Aboard the Dragon though, is a sleek touchscreen and a handful of buttons.

Astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley made it to the International Space Station in a privately funded vehicle using a touchscreen interface. Credit: NASA

Questioned over their use of a touchscreen for a mission-critical interface, the SpaceX software team took to a Reddit AMA to answer questions. 

According to the team, their goal was to follow a human-centered design. This included safety and “identifying minimum crew interaction as a success criteria.” According to Sofian Hnaide, a SpaceX team member, they mapped out the crew’s tasks. They identified critical functions and then broke it down into a digestible screen display.  


HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN AND CHROMIUM 

What is “human-centered design” and why is SpaceX prioritizing it? 


Human-centered design, in short, is the idea that people will follow a routine that is intuitive. By increasing accessibility, a task will be easier to accomplish. This can improve safety, efficiency, and happiness among users. 

For example, a person is working in an assembly line and they need to cut a piece of wood. They need to perform this action dozens of times an hour, but they have to travel to get the tools each time. By moving the tools closer productivity improves. Small, simple changes in layout can drastically improve performance and safety. 


With this in mind, the SpaceX software team sat down with Behnken and Hurley to develop the dashboard. Together, they identified all the commands for typical and emergency protocols. 

Then, they identified which data would be mission-relevant and made it part of the main display. Emergency hardware buttons were designed to function in case the display was rendered useless. 


Some of these include: 

Break out button to abort a station approach 

Emergency deorbit 

Execute command 

Cancel command 

Cabin fire response 

The Dragon software team used Chromium to develop their dashboard’s user interface (UI). Chromium is a free and lightweight browser framework. Google uses it as the core for its Chrome browser – which arguably dominates the browser world today. The same code used by people to look up sleeping pug videos helped astronauts reach the International Space Station. 


Per the Reddit AMA, Sofian Hnaide explained Chromium was originally part of a proof of concept to NASA. They hadn’t intended to use it in real-world applications. As testing continued they found the stack to be robust and reliable, so they moved forward with the design. Chromium gave the dashboard modern features and gave the team access to a fluent talent pool. 

Chromium is only surface level though. The dashboard and user interface look straight out of Star Trek, but in reality, it hands off commands to a Linux and microcontroller backend. According to SpaceX, they used a combination of CSS/HTML/Javascript for the displays, C++ for vehicle controls, and Python for testing. 

Linux – an open-source (aka free) operating system that can be highly customizable 

Microcontroller – a tiny specialized computer that’s usually designed to handle a single task (push a lever, release a solenoid valve, etc.) 


AUTONOMOUS AND MANUAL FLIGHT 

So the controls look space-age, but how well do they actually work? 

The ship is designed to be completely autonomous – including docking, landing, and de-orbiting but it does have the option for manual flight. Before the ISS docking process, Behnken and Hurley took the Dragon for two manual flights. Hurley ran through a series of commands to test out the controls. 

In a TechCrunch interview, Hurley noted, “The difference is you’ve got to be very deliberate when you’re putting in input, relative to what you would do with a stick,” he continued. “Because you know, when you’re flying an airplane for example, if I push the stick forward it’s going to go down. I actually have to make a concerted effort to do that with the touchscreen, if that makes sense.” He followed on to say that for the docking process “the touchscreen is gonna provide us that capability just fine.” For future space tourism, this touchscreen will probably become the new normal. 

If you’re interested in trying it out SpaceX made a simulator for the Dragon docking process. The key is patience and remaining calm as you approach the station. The controls are relatively simple and intuitive. Enjoy! 


Source: rocketstem.org

Friday, July 17, 2020

Reliance Jio unveils JioGlass to expand presence in virtual reality space

0

 Reliance Jio on Wednesday unveiled JioGlass to strengthen its presence in virtual reality space and capitalise on remote working culture triggered by Covid-19 pandemic.


The concept of digital glass and product was started by Google a few years back. The unveiling of Jio Glass coincided with Google's Rs 33,737 crore investments in Jio Platforms for 7.7 per cent stake.




"Jio Glass comes with a convenient cable that you can attach to your phone and thus connect to the internet. It is at cutting edge of the technology that provides best in class mixed reality service," Reliance Jio Infocomm President Kiran M Thomas said at RIL annual general meeting (AGM).


It has an in-built audio system and it can make calls to contact on voice command.


"In times of Covid-19, ways of working and workspace have completely changed and digital collaborations have seen an exponential growth. We can completely imagine this in mixed reality space. With Jio Glass, you could be sitting at home and join a meeting in your office with your colleagues in three dimensions," the presenter said.


While Thomas did not disclose the price of JioGlass, e-commerce platforms show similar digital glass with access to apps and internet in the price range of around Rs 37,000- Rs 40,000 a unit.


"While you are chatting with your colleagues, you can also share presentations that you will be able to view and present on a large virtual screen in any virtual environment you want with the help of JioGlass," he noted.


JioGlass is enabling teachers to conduct hologram class in 3D virtual rooms, Thomas said.


Reliance Jio Infocomm (RJIL) director Isha Ambani said that Jio is committed to solve the problem being faced in education and health space though.


"With Jio meet you can conduct daily online assemblies for your entire schools and hold full day sessions as there is no limit on number of students or call duration," Isha Ambani said.


The company is also working to resolve the issue of shortage in teachers as well issues around untrained teachers through the "Embibe" platform where students can pick content of any class and improve their learnings, she added.


The company also announced making television watching interactive, as Jio TV plus users can now participate in TV programmes for voting etc in real time.


"We believe interactivity on the TV or two-way communication is the future of consumption," RJIL director Akash Ambani said.


Jio has brought in all the major over-the-top video entertainment apps like Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney Hotstar etc on its Jio TV plus which users can access through a click of button on the remote doing away with the need for separately logging in to each application.


Source: business-standard


 
Blogger Widgets