Samudrayaan Project, India's Deep Sea Ocean Mission

Samudrayaan is India's first human-crewed deep-sea mission under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. It aims to explore ocean depths up to 6,000 metres using a crewed submersible called MATSYA 6000. Developed by NIOT, the project will study marine biodiversity and deep-sea minerals, supporting the development of the blue economy. India has the right to explore 75,000 sq. km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin for valuable metals like cobalt and nickel, making Samudrayaan a key step in sustainable ocean resource development.

India's Samudrayaan Project is the country's first human-crewed deep ocean mission. It is part of the Deep Ocean Mission launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). The goal is to explore the deep sea and unlock its hidden resources. 

Scientists plan to send three people in a special submersible called MATSYA 6000 to a depth of 6,000 metres. This vehicle is being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) in Chennai.

The mission will study minerals, metals, and marine biodiversity. It will also help India tap into the blue economy, which encompasses ocean-based industries such as fishing, mining, and tourism. India has been allocated a 75,000 sq. km area in the Central Indian Ocean Basin for the exploration of polymetallic nodules. 

These contain valuable metals like copper, cobalt, and nickel. Samudrayaan will help India become a global leader in ocean research and sustainable resource use.

The Samudrayaan Project is India's first-ever human-crewed deep-sea mission. The primary objective is to deploy three individuals in a specialised submersible vehicle, the MATSYA 6000, to a depth of 6,000 metres (approximately 3.7 miles) in the ocean. This is part of a bigger initiative known as the Deep Ocean Mission.

The MATSYA 6000 is a sphere-shaped vessel that can protect its occupants from the immense pressure found at great depths underwater. It's built to operate for 12 hours under normal conditions and up to 96 hours in an emergency.

The mission's purpose is not just to prove India's technological capability. Scientists will use the submersible to study the ocean's depths, including marine life and valuable non-living resources, such as minerals (for example, polymetallic manganese nodules), which could be necessary for the country's economy.

Source: www.jagranjosh.com

Book Review - Beyond Happiness: The 6 Secrets of Lifetime Satisfaction

 Are you happy? Nearly half of adults worldwide—40 percent—would say “no”. Even when we possess it, happiness can be a fleeting emotion. It's natural that we should desire something longer lasting.

In Beyond Happiness: The 6 Secrets of Lifetime Satisfaction, psychologist Dr. Jennifer Guttman guides listeners in living a deeply fulfilling life by aiming for a kind of contentment that is more sustainable than happiness.

Having endured a number of life-altering challenges, Dr. Guttman knows firsthand how transient happiness can be. She spent nine years battling medical professionals to receive care for her son, whose long undiagnosed ailment eventually led to extensive heart surgery. Next, she faced life-threatening health issues of her own and, soon after, her father's death. Unexpectedly, she came out stronger and more content. But how, exactly?

Dr. Guttman analyzed the steps she took to persist in the face of adversity and to remain optimistic despite the obstacles she had to overcome. She subsequently shared these actionable techniques with clients suffering from depression, anxiety, feelings of unlovability, and feelings of existential despair. The tools that had helped her helped them.

In Beyond Happiness, Dr. Guttman empowers listeners to achieve lifetime satisfaction by employing six techniques that can be practiced and even mastered in the comfort of your own home:

Avoiding assumptions

Reducing people-pleasing behaviors

Facing fears

Making decisions

Closing out tasks

Active self-reinforcement

When coalesced, Dr. Guttman's techniques will buttress feelings of inherent lovability, defiant resilience, patience, authenticity, and self-confidence. She provides clear-cut strategies and tangible steps that can be easily incorporated into everyday life.

Engaging and enlightening, Beyond Happiness: The 6 Secrets of Lifetime Satisfaction offers a user-friendly, practical approach not only to surviving life's pitfalls but to thriving with a durable, balanced, sustainable level of contentment.

Source: downpour

Indian Space Missions 2024: Full list of significant space missions by ISRO

 Space Missions of India in 2024: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the Indian government’s space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru, and is responsible for managing India’s space programs. Established in 1969, operating under the Department of Space (DoS) and directly reporting to the Prime Minister of India, ISRO aims to harness space technology for national development. 

Over the years, ISRO has been at the forefront of space exploration, continuously expanding its capabilities and accomplishments. It has conducted numerous space missions, including satellite launches, lunar and interplanetary missions, and the development of launch vehicles for communication, television broadcasting, meteorological services, resource monitoring, and more. 

A list of significant accomplished Space Missions of India (till 2024):

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been at the forefront of space exploration and satellite technology since its inception in 1969. It has conducted a total of 124 spacecraft missions, including 17 satellites developed by private players or students and 432 foreign satellites launched.

Additionally, ISRO has also completed 96 launch missions, six re-entry missions, and projects like POEMS. The organisation is also preparing for the Gaganyaan mission, India’s first manned spaceflight, highlighting its advancements in space technology and exploration.

Here is a comprehensive list of ISRO’s space missions up to 2024.

Source: indianexpress

Google’s new AI Gemini to counter the ChatGPT

 OpenAI’s large language models so far have been leading the AI race, thanks to their early launch and Microsoft’s vast data centre infrastructure to back them up. But the ChatGPT dominance may not last forever, as new and powerful AI models are emerging every month. And one of them has a far stronger chance of becoming a real challenger: Google.

According to a report by The Information, Google’s next-generation artificial intelligence models under the new Gemini project will launch as early as this fall. The company for Gemini to power its existing AI chatbot Bard and enterprise apps such as Google Docs and Slides.

What makes Gemini a formidable competitor is the amount of resources Google has at its disposal, especially data that can be used to train these AI models. Google has access to YouTube videos, Google books, a huge search index, and scholarly material from Google Scholar. Much of this data is exclusive to Google, and that could give it an edge in creating smarter models than others. Gemini is also said to be the first multi-modal model that can handle video as well as text and images, unlike GPT-4.

Google also has a deep pool of talent and years of experience in building and training large language models. It is expected to announce the new models next fall, and possibly introduce a new Gemini-powered chatbot or upgrade its existing Bard chatbot. This could have a big impact on Google’s Cloud, which would likely be the main way for corporate customers to access Gemini.

Gemini was first teased at Google’s developer conference last month, where Google showcased several AI projects. Gemini uses new training techniques from Alphago, an AI system that was the first to beat a professional human player at the complex board game Go, according to a report from June. This could enable Gemini to plan and solve problems.

It’s a team effort

In April, Google merged Google Brain, its own deep learning artificial intelligence research unit, with subsidiary company DeepMind to create a single unit – Google DeepMind. The surprise move by Pichai was meant to boost efficiency, combining Google’s enormous computational resources and DeepMind’s research skills.

Before that, both entities had their own responses to ChatGPT. DeepMind had Project Goodall and Google had Bard based on Google Brain models. Despite some rivalry between the teams, DeepMind dropped Goodall to collaborate on Gemini.

Source: indianexpress